Despite changes in leadership and government, the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) has continued to develop uninterrupted, maintaining institutional consensus, steady investments, and alignment with NATO standards.
KSF’s Transformation into a Full Army
According to retired General Naim Haziri, the KSF now operates under modern warfare doctrines, has functional capabilities to meet current threats, and is expected to complete its transformation into a full army by 2028. Air capabilities are being developed, and combat regiments strengthened with support elements, making the KSF fully interoperable with NATO forces.
The transformation process began in 2018, when Kosovo’s Assembly passed legislation to transition the KSF into a fully operational military force. While NATO initially expressed concerns due to tensions with Serbia, the United States supported the move, calling the transition historic and professionally managed.
KSF as a Force Serving All Citizens
Institutionally, the KSF is designed to serve all citizens of Kosovo, regardless of ethnicity. This approach has been maintained under President Vjosa Osmani, although the KSF still requires KFOR authorization to operate in northern Kosovo, where the Serb population is the majority.
Capabilities and Equipment
The KSF has met its goal of 5,000 active personnel, with an additional 3,000 reservists still to be fully integrated. Confirmed equipment includes armored vehicles and drones, with procurement from countries including the USA, Turkey, Croatia, the UK, Germany, and Italy, in line with NATO standards.
The Ministry of Defense’s budget has grown significantly, from €67.3 million in 2021 to €207.8 million in 2025. Kosovo’s Security Strategy identifies Serbia and its territorial claims as the primary security threat.
Challenges and Threats
Despite progress, the KSF faces challenges, particularly from the Serb community in the north, including resistance and attacks against state authority. General Haziri emphasizes that investment in personnel welfare and development is key to maintaining readiness and effectiveness.
NATO Integration
Thanks to international cooperation and NATO standards, the KSF is ready for integration into the Alliance. Acting Deputy Minister of Defense Shemsi Syla and General Haziri stress that Kosovo is significantly stronger today, while NATO continues to support EU-facilitated dialogue with Serbia.
The KSF will also contribute to the International Stabilization Force in Gaza, further increasing its operational experience and international engagement.
