Victory Day is the most important state holiday in Russia, a pivotal moment used by the Kremlin’s propaganda machine to celebrate the Soviet Union’s role in defeating Nazi Germany during World War II. In recent years, the celebration has taken on new meaning as a tool to legitimize the war in Ukraine, which began with the full-scale invasion in 2022.
Putin’s Symbolism and Myth-Building
For President Vladimir Putin, Victory Day is not just a historic commemoration—it is the foundation of a national myth. With over 750,000 casualties reported by Western sources in Ukraine, this year’s celebration on May 9, 2025, carries added weight as it marks the 80th anniversary of Nazi Germany’s surrender.
War as a Tool for Legitimacy
The term “Great Patriotic War” evokes the sacrifice of over 27 million Soviet citizens and is used to reinforce national unity. Putin has repeatedly invoked this narrative to justify the invasion of Ukraine, accusing Ukrainian leadership of false links to Nazism.
International Participants and Political Messaging
This year’s parade will host a range of world leaders, mostly from friendly or aligned nations such as:
- Belarus, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan,
- and countries from Latin America and Asia like Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil, and Laos.
Among European leaders, only Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić is expected to attend, with a possible appearance by Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico.
The greatest geopolitical focus, however, is on China. President Xi Jinping is considered Putin’s most important strategic ally, and his participation would signal tacit Chinese support for Russia’s war. There is speculation that Chinese troops might march on Red Square, which would send a powerful and controversial global message.
Display of Military Power
Victory Day is traditionally marked by a massive military parade, showcasing Russia’s latest weaponry. Key systems expected to appear include T-90M tanks and RS-24 Yars nuclear-capable missiles. However, since 2022, Russia has experienced heavy equipment losses, leading to a more modest display of advanced technology.
Drone Strikes and Security Concerns
Ukraine has launched waves of drone attacks on Russian territory ahead of the parade, raising serious security concerns for foreign guests. In response, Russian authorities have imposed measures like internet slowdowns and bans on fireworks in major cities.
North Korea’s New Role
A significant new development is Russia’s military partnership with North Korea. Reports indicate:
- Deployment of North Korean troops to support Russian forces in Ukraine,
- Supply of weapons and ammunition,
- and civilian workers from North Korea sent to Russia for infrastructure and military production.
This alliance broadens the scope of the conflict and underscores Russia’s international isolation, as it deepens ties with authoritarian states.
